The article presents an analysis of current research focused on the use of geoinformation technologies for environmental monitoring. A methodology for geoinformation modeling of microelement distribution in surface waters was developed and tested using the example of the Poltava region. The methodology includes stages of preliminary data processing, interpolation using the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) method, and spatial analysis of the obtained results. Based on the modeling outcomes, a cartographic model was created that enabled the identification of areas with elevated barium content. It was established that the area of such zones increased from 4.24% to 37.55% in the period 1991-1993 compared to 1985-1988. A generalized scheme for the environmental assessment of impact on natural components was proposed, which can be adapted to monitoring the condition of water bodies in various regions. The proposed approach can be used to assess anthropogenic pressure, including the impact of military actions, on the quality of surface waters.