ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Geodetic monitoring of earth-filled flood embankment subjected to variable loads
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Engineering Surveying and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Cracow, Poland
 
2
Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Cracow, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2018-05-07
 
 
Acceptance date: 2018-09-28
 
 
Online publication date: 2018-12-31
 
 
Publication date: 2018-12-01
 
 
Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 2018;106:9-18
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The article presents an example of supplementing geotechnical monitoring with geodetic observations. The experimental flood embankment built within the ISMOP project (Information Technology System of Levee Monitoring) was subjected to continuous monitoring based on built-in measuring sensors. The results of geodetic monitoring used for observation of earth-filled flood embankment subjected to external loads are presented in the paper. The tests were carried out on an experimental food embankment forming a closed artificial water reservoir. The observations were carried out for two purposes. The first was long-term monitoring, which was aimed to determine the behaviour of the newly built embankment. The second purpose was to check the reaction of the levee to the simulated flood wave, caused by filling and draining the reservoir. In order to monitor the displacements of the earth-filled embankment, it was necessary to develop the proper methodology. For the needs of research works, an appropriate network of 5 reference points and 48 survey markers has been designed and established. The periodic measurements were carried out using precise robotic total station. The stability of the reference frame was each time checked and displacements of survey markers were determined based on it. The final results allow to reveal the reaction of levee to external loads. The displacement values were referred to the course of the filling and draining experiment to indicate the relationship between them. In the field of long-term monitoring the results clearly imply the dominance of displacements outside the reservoir for points located on the embankment, in contrast to points on the crest and foreground, which do not show significant movements. On the other hand, in the field of testing the embankment reaction to the flood wave, obtaining reliable results was possible thanks to high-accuracy geodetic measurements. Small displacement values, often at the level of their determination errors, were averaged for groups of points with the same height of foundation. A sizable number of points allows to perceive some tendencies and the relation between embankment soaking, hence its movement directions can be noticed. During periods when the levee was still saturated with water, slight movements outside the reservoir were revealed. On the other hand, the following period of drying caused movement in the opposite direction.
 
REFERENCES (26)
1.
Barzaghi, R., Cazzaniga, N. E., De Gaetani, C. I., Pinto, L., and Tornatore, V. (2018). Estimating and comparing dam deformation using classical and GNSS techniques. Sensors, 18(3):756, doi: 10.3390/s18030756.
 
2.
Borecka, A. (2016). Monitoring wałów przeciwpowodziowych w systemie bezpieczenstwa powodziowego. Geoinzynieria: drogi, mosty, tunele, 57(4):40-44.
 
3.
Dardanelli, G. and Pipitone, C. (2017). Hydraulic models and finite elements for monitoring of an earth dam, by using GNSS techniques. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 61(3):421-433, doi: 10.3311/PPci.8217.
 
4.
Filaber, J., Kosowski, B., and Borecka, A. (2016). Ochrona przeciwpowodziowa w systemie zarzadzania kryzysowego. Texter Sp. z oo.
 
5.
Ghorbani, M., Sharifzadeh, M., Yasrobi, S., and Daiyan, M. (2012). Geotechnical, structural and geodetic measurements for conventional tunnelling hazards in urban areas - the case of Niayesh road tunnel project. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 31:1-8, doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2012.02.009.
 
6.
Grabowska-Olszewska, B. (1998). Geologia stosowana: własciwosci gruntów nienasyconych. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
 
7.
Guler, G., Kilic, H., Hosbas, G., and Ozaydin, K. (2006). Evaluation of the movements of the dam embankments by means of geodetic and geotechnical methods. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 132(1):31-39, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9453(2006)132:1(31).
 
8.
Hwang, C., Hung, W.-C., and Liu, C.-H. (2008). Results of geodetic and geotechnical monitoring of subsidence for Taiwan High Speed Rail operation. Natural Hazards, 47(1):1-16, doi: 10.1007/s11069-007-9211-5.
 
9.
ISO (2015). Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geotechnical monitoring by field instrumentation - Part 1: General rules. (ISO Standard No. 18674-1).
 
10.
ISO (2017a). Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 1: Identification and description. (ISO Standard No. 14688-1).
 
11.
ISO (2017b). Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 2: Principles for a classification. (ISO Standard No. 14688-2).
 
12.
Jamiolkowski, M. (2014). Soil mechanics and the observational method: challenges at the Zelazny Most copper tailings disposal facility. Géotechnique, 64(8):590-618, doi: 10.1680/geot.14.RL.002.
 
13.
Kalkan, Y. (2014). Geodetic deformation monitoring of Ataturk Dam in Turkey. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7(1):397-405, doi: 10.1007/s12517-012-0765-5.
 
14.
Niemiec, J., Bilnik, W., Błocki, J., Bogacz, L., Borkowski, J., Bulik, T., Cadoux, F., Christov, A., Curyło, M., della Volpe, D., et al. (2015). Prototype of the SST-1M telescope structure for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. In Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2015), The Hague, The Netherlands., (arXiv:1509.01824).
 
15.
Owerko, T., Ortyl, ., Kocierz, R., Kuras, P., and Salamak, M. (2012). Investigation of displacements of road bridges under test loads using radar interferometry - case study. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference Bridge maintenance, safety, management, resilience and sustainability, Stresa, Italy, pages 181-188.
 
16.
Peng, H., Ma, W., Mu, Y.-h., and Jin, L. (2015). Impact of permafrost degradation on embankment deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Highway in permafrost regions. Journal of Central South University, 22(3):1079-1086, doi: 10.1007/s11771- 015-2619-2.
 
17.
Pipitone, C., Maltese, A., Dardanelli, G., Lo Brutto, M., and La Loggia, G. (2018). Monitoring water surface and level of a reservoir using different remote sensing approaches and comparison with dam displacements evaluated via GNSS. Remote Sensing, 10(1):71, doi: 10.3390/rs10010071.
 
18.
Polish Committee for Standardization (1997). Urzadzenia wodno-melioracyjne - Nasypy - Wymagania i badania przy odbiorze. (PKN Standard No. PN-B-12095).
 
19.
Sekuła, K., Borecka, A., Kessler, D., and Majerski, P. (2017). Smart levee in Poland. Full-scale monitoring experimental study of levees by different methods. Computer Science, 18:357-384, doi: 10.7494/csci.2017.18.4.2220.
 
20.
Stanisz, J., Borecka, A., Pilecki, Z., and Kaczmarczyk, R. (2017). Numerical simulation of pore pressure changes in levee under flood conditions. In E3S Web of Conferences, volume 24, page 03002. EDP Sciences. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/20172403002.
 
21.
Stanisz, J., Korzec, K., and Borecka, A. (2015). ISMOP project (IT system of levee monitoring) as an example of integrated monitoring of levee. Geology, Geophysics and Environment, 41(1):137-139, doi: 10.7494/geol.2015.41.1.137.
 
22.
Sukta, O. and Kuras, P. (2013). A preliminary analysis of the use of non-invasive measurement methods in the studying the geometry of retaining walls. In Proceedings of 13th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2013, volume 2, pages 17-24. STEF92 Technology. doi: 10.5593/SGEM2013/BB2.V2/S09.003.
 
23.
Tedd, P., Charles, J., Holton, R., and Robertshaw, A. (1994). Deformation of embankment dams due to changes in reservoir level. In Proceedings of XIII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, volume 3, pages 951-951.
 
24.
Wolski, W., Mirecki, J., and Mosiej, K. (1998). Warunki techniczne wykonania i odbioru robót ziemnych. Warszawa: Ministerstwo Ochrony Srodowiska, Zasobów Naturalnych i Lesnictwa.
 
25.
Yavasoglu, H. H., Kalkan, Y., Tiryakioglu, I., Yigit, C. O., Özbey, V., Alkan, M. N., Bilgi, S., and Alkan, R. M. (2018). Monitoring the deformation and strain analysis on the Ataturk Dam, Turkey. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 9(1):94- 107, doi: 10.1080/19475705.2017.1411400.
 
26.
Yigit, C. O., Alcay, S., and Ceylan, A. (2016). Displacement response of a concrete arch dam to seasonal temperature fluctuations and reservoir level rise during the first filling period: evidence from geodetic data. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 7(4):1489-1505, doi: 10.1080/19475705.2015.1047902.
 
eISSN:2391-8152
ISSN:2391-8365
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top